Why Minors Shouldn’t Get Tattoos.

Why Minors Shouldn’t Get Tattoos and Body Piercings! The more well known and standard tattoos and piercings become, the more young people need them. The issue is, it's not lawful for minors to get tattoos in numerous states. The other issue is, most guardians don't go for the thought by any stretch of the imagination. This sets adolescents in a place where they believe they need to settle on a choice for themselves, and they go looking for somebody to tattoo and additionally puncture them without the assent of their folks. This is the place things can go awfully wrong.The truth is, any tattoo or penetrating â€Å"artist† (I utilize that term freely) who is eager to violate the law and negligence the desires of guardians so as to tattoo or puncture a minor is now demonstrating they have no worry for their â€Å"client†. How might you confide in somebody with your wellbeing and security who is now a lawbreaker? Would you truly like to get a tattoo by some filth wit h a â€Å"gun† and some ink since he he'll do it modest and not tell your folks? On the off chance that you would prefer not to hear me out, hear one out of your own friends. Fortunate Star† is 17, and she felt constrained to share her story and clarify why she has chosen to hold up until she is of legitimate age to get a tattoo. Before I start my story of loathsomeness I make them comment. Hold up ‘til your 18, since it'll be so a lot more prominent on the off chance that you do. That will be your privilege of entry. Trust me. I’m going to be 17 in July and its slaughtering me that I'll need to stand by only one more year to get a tat. I've been needing tattoos since I was 10 †no joke. Also, I've just arranged out the ones I need and where they’re going to be on my body.But I realize when I'm at last ready to have an expert put that wonderful bit of work of art on my body that I've hungered for such a long time, the inclination will be so sweet . Alright enough of that on to my startling story. Toward the start of June my companion met this person at work who said he would tattoo us at his home since he was a disciple and he had the apparatuses to do as such at his home. I was so energized as was my companion. With the goal that end of the week while we were rolling over to his home I begun pondering all the things that have been said about tattoo specialists why should willing tattoo minors.I became torn†¦ the â€Å"should I or shouldn't I? † started a fight in my mind until we maneuvered into the person's garage. My companion went to me and said â€Å"are you prepared? † and I resembled â€Å"No, I'm most certainly not. I'm not going to proceed with this. I'm simply going to hold up till I'm 18. † My companion at that point considered me a child and we went into the guy’s house. The house was appalling and the restroom was far and away more terrible, and that’s where the man inked a hibiscus bloom on my friend’s pelvic bone. I sat on the lounge chair and wept hysterically on the grounds that I thought I blew my opportunity to get inked. Kid, was I wrong.After not seeing my companion for 6 days I went to her place to restore some garments I obtained from her. When I strolled into the house she snatched me and rushed to the restroom and gave me this nauseating mass that was at one time her hibiscus bloom tattoo. It had gotten tainted and sketchy. She wound up heading off to the clinic in light of the fact that the contamination got downright terrible and she would not like to fess up to her mother that she had gotten a tat underage in some fella's washroom. I needed to disclose to her mother at the emergency clinic about what went down. My companion is improving now and we've both scholarly a decent lesson.This hasn't frightened both of us from getting tattoos. It just instructed us to hold up till we're of lawful age. Indeed, to every one of you who are as yet perusing I state thank you and expectation that you took in something from my experience. Fortunate Star's experience is only one of numerous where youngsters end up in a hazardous circumstance just in light of the fact that they can hardly wait a couple of months or years to get inked or pierced lawfully. Is it extremely worth taking a chance with your life for? Is a bit of adornments or an image on your skin worth kicking the bucket for? In the event that you think it is, that is actually why you are not experienced enough to get it. Grow up and return later.

Essay examples --

What drives achievement? Where does it originate from? Would you be able to be naturally introduced to it? These are some normal inquiries with regards to progress. Each one can has their own sentiment about what achievement is, and furthermore the stuff to become fruitful individuals in today’s world. That is the place Malcolm Gladwell becomes possibly the most important factor. In the wake of understanding â€Å"Outliers: The Story of Success†, Gladwell has helped me see the excursion to accomplishment in manners I have and haven’t knew about previously. He encourages you see some unpredictable thoughts of why somebody might be progressively effective that another person. To me achievement is controlled by a ton of things and there is nobody thing that can make your prosperity, you must have numerous things that are not found in one spot. There are numerous things that strike a chord consider with regards to progress, age would be one of the many deciding variables. In the book, Gladwell utilized hockey for instance. Hockey is a game overwhelmed by Canadians. In Canada, there is a hockey cutoff time where if a child isn't 10 by January first, he needs to hold up until one year from now to start playing. This gives a child with a birthday before the cutoff time a bit of leeway over his adversaries who must be a couple months’ youthful than him, since he had a year a greater amount of understanding. Americans’ comprehend this in an alternate manner. In the United States educational system you must be 6 preceding a specific season before you can enter kindergarten. This could be diverse in light of the fact that the individuals who enter prior could graduate at a more youthful age, the individuals who need to hang tight could be increasingly arranged for school. It depends what you look like at every circum stance, since they all can be unique. On the off chance that you have each played a game, instrument, or basically went to class then you have heard the statement â€Å"Practice makes perfect.... ...l accepts that’s why we are behind instructively. I accept this is a genuine articulation, our children in joined expressed ought to invest more energy learning than playing computer games, messaging, and via web-based networking media which is by all accounts the most well known thing nowadays. Achievement can be characterized by a variety of things, regardless of whether you are tall or short, rich or poor, your definition might be unique in relation to one of your companions. I accept there isn't a â€Å"right† answer to the inquiries â€Å"what is success?† or â€Å"how you do you become successful?† This book truly gave me a couple of more perspectives about how achievement tags along. A portion of the things Malcolm Gladwell thinks of are extraordinary yet there is no correct answer. To me achievement is dictated by a great deal of things and there is nobody thing that can make you fruitful, you must have various things that are not found in one spot.

5 Ways to Increase Your Mental Flexibility

5 Ways to Increase Your Mental Flexibility More in Theories Biological Psychology Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Psychosocial Psychology Being able to “go with the flow” and be flexible in your thinking is a necessary skill for dealing with life’s inevitable changes. This is a trait that helps us adjust more easily to new circumstances, challenges and situations as they arise. Whether it’s starting a new job, taking a new class or getting married, being cognitively flexible helps us to grow and get along better with others. However, for many people, this is much easier said than doneâ€"especially for those who tend to “get stuck” on certain thoughts and behaviors patterns. They may also tend to be stubborn, argumentative or oppositional, worry constantly, get upset when things don’t go their way, be uncooperative (or automatically say “no” to things), or have conditions such as addictions, obsessive-compulsive tendencies, eating disorders, and even road rage. A common feature of all of these is difficulty letting go of thoughts or behaviors. The Biological Basis of Inflexibility An area of the brain called the anterior cingulate gyrus (ACG) tends to be overactive in people who have difficulty with cognitive flexibility. Located in the front part of the brain, the ACG is involved with shifting attention. When the ACG works well, it allows us to focus on something, let go, and then shift to focus on something else. However, when it is overactive, there is a tendency for people to get stuck. One of my patients described her experience with this as “being on a rat’s exercise wheel, where the thoughts just go over and over and over.” Strategies for Improving Cognitive Flexibility The good news is that there are some simple strategies you can incorporate into your life to help you become more flexible and adjust more easily to change. Improving nutrition, exercise and working on thought stopping/reframing can help improve cognitive flexibility. Change Your Diet It has been noted that the ACG has many “serotonergic” fibers and that people who tend to be rigid in their thinking or behavior may have a deficit of serotonin. For many, a diet with a higher ratio of complex carbohydrates to protein can be helpful. In particular, you might try adding chickpeas and sweet potatoes to your diet because these foods help boost serotonin, are high in fiber, and are lower on the glycemic index. Serotonin levels can also be raised by eating foods rich in L-tryptophan which is a building block of serotonin. Such foods include chicken, turkey, salmon, beef, nut butter, eggs, and green peas. Exercise Another way to increase L-tryptophan is by exercising. Exercise also increases your energy levels, reduces your worries, and can distract you from the repetitive thinking patterns that get stuck in your head. Practice Thought Stopping   An important part of gaining control over your repetitive thoughts is to become aware of them when they occurâ€"and then practice the simple technique of thought stopping.   Try envisioning a red stop sign, and saying to yourself: STOP! The more you practice this, the more you may feel control over their thoughts. You can also use a rubber band on your wrist and snap it when you catch yourself in a loop of negative thinking. The Stop! Technique Document Options and Solutions Writing down your thoughts helps to “get them out of your head” and allows you to view them more rationally. Try writing down: The thought that is stuck in your headWhat you can do to help offset the thoughtThings you have no control over with regard to the thought Think Before Automatically Saying “No” Some people have the tendency to say “no” automaticallyâ€"even before thinking about what was asked of them. This can be especially problematic in relationships. It is limiting and unnecessary to always dismiss ideas or deny your partner his or her requests. To help with this, before responding, take a deep breath, hold it for three seconds, and then take five seconds to exhale, while actually considering what the best way to respond would be. Using these techniques can help you improve your mental flexibility which in turn can help reduce your worries, improve your relationships and reduce the distress you experience when you get stuck on unhealthy or negative thoughts and behaviors.

The Early Influences of Rome - 1710 Words

The early influences of Rome, according to the text, were the people of Etruia and Greece. It is said that it all started in the southernmost Etruscan centers[1]. These places, Caere, Tarquinii, Vulci, and Veii, were the first city-states to be formed. It wasn’t long before the great city of Rome would rise. In this essay, we will briefly comment on the founders of Rome and their influences. Taking each part of history step by step hoping to uncover the secrets of Rome’s first steps towards become a great empire. The first thought of discussion will be on the Etruscans, the people of Etruia. The Etruscans played music, danced, did acrobatics, and held foot and chariot races[2]. This group of people were incredibly†¦show more content†¦There were however, other things besides religion and grammar that Rome received; things like the Etruscan games are one of the many things that Rome adapted from its neighbors. The Etruscans influence on Rome had to do with locat ion. Towards the end of the 7th century BCE, the Etruscans expanded their territories. Their territories included Northern Italy, with the Po Valley league, and the Etruscan city-states controlled areas over Latium, which also included Rome and Campania to the South. Hence the evolution of influence begins. In Livy, Romulus mentions one of the Etruscan influences, â€Å"I am inclined to agree with those who think that as a class of public officers was borrowed from the same people from whom the ‘sella curulis’ and the ‘toga praetexta’ were adopted- their neighbors, the Etruscans- so the number itself also was taken from them.† In this quote, not only does Romulus mention the influence in clothes but the influence in government as well. The number he mentions at the end of the quote has to do with twelve lictors he called to service. A lictor is a public officer who attended on the chief Roman magistrates†¦ the office of lictor is said to have b een derived by Romulus from the Etruscans.[10] The twelve lictors were responsible for passing judgment on criminals after a trail. This included Roman citizens, foreigners and slaves as well. Government was in fact another thingShow MoreRelatedEtruscans1697 Words   |  7 PagesEtruscans: The Building Block of Rome The dominant early settlers on the Italian peninsula were a non-Indo-European-speaking people known as the Etruscans (Coffin Stacey 168). The Etruscans were among three groups of people from the East that entered Italy as colonists and later as rulers of various segments of the peninsula. The Etruscans came into Italy about 800 B.C.E. following the Adriatic Sea. Although our knowledge of the Etruscans is severely limited by the fact that their languageRead MoreAncient Roman Civilization And Modern Times936 Words   |  4 Pagestourist to experience the ancient civilization through much of what Ancient Rome’s engineers enduring achievements, namely, temples, baths, aqueducts and roads (Temin, The economy of the early Roman Empire, 2006). Beyond the physical structures that survived the millennia, there are numerous modern cultural influences that are readily seen in everything from popular culture with extensive gladiator movies to the architecture of the nation’s capital building (James, 2008). However, the most importantRead MoreWomen During The Ancient World1445 Words   |  6 Pagesstereotypes, which limited their freedoms and abilities. Two such civilizations were Ancient Rome and Early Modern England. England during the 15th and 16th centuries supported the Anglican faith. Women, by divine belief, were created as subordinates to men; the rationale for this constitutes the creation of Eve from Adam’s rib, suggesting that women were made for man. Sexist bias was also supported in Rome (753 B.C. to 1453 A.D.) where the traditional ambitions of all women were to wed unknowinglyRead More The Roman Empire and Its Influence on Western Civilization Essay1489 Words   |  6 PagesThe Roman Empire and Its Influence on Western Civilization   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Romes vast empire lasted for an amazing one thousand-year reign. Half of it referred to as the republic, and the other as the empire. However, after its fall in 5oo-a.d. Rome has still remained in existence through its strong culture, architecture, literature, and even religion (Spielvogel 175). Even after its disappearance as a nation Rome left behind a legacy that will never be forgotten. Its ideals and traditions have been immolatedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book By Nikolaus Pevsner Essay1250 Words   |  5 Pageswork. In Strong’s preface to his book, there is an overview about the influences of propaganda in artwork given by his editor, Nikolaus Pevsner, in the foreword of the book. He states that Works of art, especially sculpture, were part of everyday life in ancient cities. Sculptures and painting gave form to the gods, commemorated the great men of the State, celebrated the events of history, depicted the dead on their tombs. In Rome they took on an even greater significance. They became an essentialRead MoreRome and Its Lasting Impression on the World1538 Words   |  7 PagesThe Roman Empire and Its Influence on Western Civilization Rome s vast empire lasted for an amazing one thousand-year reign. Half of it referred to as the republic, and the other as the empire. However, after its fall in 5oo-a.d. Rome has still remained in existence through its strong culture, architecture, literature, and even religion (Spielvogel 175). Even after its disappearance as a nation Rome left behind a legacy that will never be forgotten. Its ideals and traditions have been immolatedRead MoreHow Can Historians Make Use Of The Stories That The Romans1723 Words   |  7 PagesHow can historians make use of the stories that the Romans told about their founders and foundations? Abstract. There are two distinct stories regarding the foundation of ancient Rome, with claims to two founders. The story of Romulus and Remus describes the literal foundation of the city where as the Aeneid addresses the origins in the foundations of the Roman people being descended from Aeneas. In regards to their use to historians, though there is debate as to the legitimacy of historical factsRead MoreGreek And Roman Civilizations : Greece And Ancient Civilizations1503 Words   |  7 Pages Greek and Roman Civilizations In examining the impact that the ancient world has had on modern Western civilization, the two ancient civilizations which are frequently understood as having had the greatest influence are Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. These two civilizations would eventually come to shape much of what would become the modern European culture, politics and society, and by extension, a vast proportion of global culture and society. In scrutinizing the trajectory of modern historyRead MoreGreek And Roman Civilizations : Greece And Ancient Civilizations1498 Words   |  6 Pages Greek and Roman Civilizations In examining the impact that the ancient world has had on modern Western civilization, the two ancient civilizations which are frequently understood as having had the greatest influence are Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. These two civilizations would eventually come to shape much of what would become the modern European culture, politics and society, and by extension, a vast proportion of global culture and society. In examining the trajectory of modern historyRead MoreThe Civilization Of Ancient Rome1366 Words   |  6 Pages The Civilization of Ancient Rome and The Time of the Kings, From Republic to Empire: Romulus and Remus, the Etruscans, the Greeks and early influences HST 101 Spring 2015 Lance Raebel Pima Community College West Campus Tucson, Arizona Table of Contents Introduction I. Romulus And Remus founding story a. Twin brothers i. Considered to be half gods ii. Rasied by a she wolf b. Father the god of war i. Rapes Rhea Silvia their mother c. Find Rome i. Romulus then kills Remus for leadership II

Waterfall Model Is Based On Sequential Process - 1104 Words

Waterfall model is based on sequential process that is used in software development process. It takes place in steps. It is called as waterfall because it moves step by step in downward direction. As seen in manufacturing and construction site, each process is well structured and carried out step by step, in software development Waterfall model carries out all phases in sequential manner. All the phases like Conception, Initiation, Analysis, Design, Construction, Testing, Implementation and Maintenance are carried out in a sequential manner, step wise. It is stated that the first formal description of Waterfall model was made in 1970 in the article written by Winston W. Royce. Though the first use of waterfall model was made in 1976 in the article written by Bell and Thayer. 2.0 Spiral Model 2.1 Introduction Overview [2] Spiral model is another alternative process that is used in software development cycle. It is more focused on risk analysis. It is based on unique risk pattern that is adopted by the software. It can adopt any of the software development process such as incremental, evolutionary prototype and waterfall model. This method was introduced in 1986 in paper written by Barry Boehm. This model has four phases Planning, Risk Analysis, Engineering and Evolution. At each progress the software project has to be passed through all these four phases. The baseline spiral is reference for each other subsequent spirals. The baseline spiral starts with the planningShow MoreRelatedA Detailed Look Into The System Implementation1640 Words   |  7 Pagesmanagement used to show activities (tasks or events) displayed against time. METHODOLOGY The framework within which the process of developing an information system is planned, structured and controlled. PROTOTYPE A model by which a system is developed. MODEL A visual design or representation of a system. WATERFALL A linear software methodology implemented in sequential phases while emphasizing on documented plans, schedules and targets set on each phase. SPIRAL A methodology where theRead MoreDifference Between The Waterfall And The V Model Essay804 Words   |  4 Pagesare known as models or methodologies. Most of these models stem from the SDLC, or the Software Development Life Cycle (Tutorials Point). One of these alternative models is known as the V-Model or V-Method. The V-Model is an SDLC model that is also based on the Waterfall Model. Both the Waterfall and the V-Method are sequential methods, which means every phase must be completed before moving onto the next step. The main difference between the Waterfall and the V-Model is that the V-Model has a testingRead MoreDisadvantage Of Waterfall Model907 Words   |  4 PagesWaterfall Model benefit, disadvantage and critique Waterfall Model is the first software development process model proposed by Royce in 1970 which is a linear sequential software development life cycle (SDLC) model. It is a sequential process model which does not overlap. It means that until the one phase is not completed then next phase cannot start. †¢ Requirement Analysis: often know as Software Requirements Specification (SRS). In this phase, all requirements of the software product are collectedRead MoreThe System Development Life Cycle1377 Words   |  6 Pagesgroup of people that work in the organization, as system development get bigger in an organization so also there are needs to systemize the process of system development and come up with a set of steps that are required for any system development. The system development life cycle is a common methodology used in all most every organization, it s a standard process followed by an organization to conduct all the steps necessary to analyze, design, implement, and maintain information systems A methodologyRead MoreSystem Development Life Cycle ( Sdlc ) Methodologies1448 Words   |  6 PagesAdvances in computer-based information technology in recent years have led to a widely variety of systems that managers are now using to make and implement decisions (Alter, 19 76). In today’s businesses, systems development is a process of examining a business situation to analyze better procedures and methods to stay competitive. System development life cycle (SDLC) methodologies are promoted as means of improving the management and control of the software development process, structuring and simplifyingRead MoreImplementing Developing An Information System1347 Words   |  6 Pagesthe process of developing an information system. For a software company developing commercial software, and IT organization delivering business applications to users or Systems Integrators delivering solutions to the customers improving overall development lifecycles will yield benefits to both the company and their respective customers. A wide variety of such frameworks have evolved over the years, each with its own recognized strengths and weaknesses. Most important of them are 1) Waterfall method:Read MoreComparative Study Of Waterfall And Rad1465 Words   |  6 PagesTitle: Comparative study of waterfall and RAD in context to PMBOK key management areas. Executive Summary: Software development life cycle is a methodology for designing, building, maintaining information and industrial systems. (waterfall) The research report here covers brief understanding of waterfall and RAD model. Later on comparison of both the project management methodologies are done in context to the key nine management areas of pmbok. Based on the comparative study recommendations is givenRead MoreAssignment of S/W Eng..1401 Words   |  6 PagesTake a suitable example to develop a software and implement the waterfall Model technique in it to develop the software ? Ans: The waterfall model shows a process, where developers are to follow these phases in order: 1. Requirements specification  (Requirements analysis) 2. Software Design 3. Integration 4. Testing  (or  Validation) 5. Deployment  (or  Installation) 6. Maintenance In a strict Waterfall model, after each phase is finished, it proceeds to the next one. ReviewsRead MoreImplementation Of Project Management Methodology981 Words   |  4 Pagesand procedures that decide how best to arrange, create, control and convey a task all through the continuous execution process until effective completion and termination. It is a logically demonstrated, precise and trained way to deal with project design, execution and completion. The purpose of project methodology is to take into consideration controlling the whole management process through powerful choice making and critical thinking, while guaranteeing the success of particular procedures, approachesRead MoreThe Pyramid Of The Waterfall Model Essay1722 Words   |  7 Pages This article by Phillip A. Laplante and Colin J. Neill of Penn State University explores the rumors of the demise of the waterfall model. The Waterfall process model progresses software products linearly from conception, through requi rements, design, code, and test (Neill, 2004). The Waterfall method was developed in 1970 by Winston Royce when computer systems were monolithic, number-crunching entities with rudimentary front ends and users’ needs were filtered through the partisan minds of the computer

The Worlds Population Is Increasing Free Essays

The World’s Population is increasing, but not evenly all over the world Aim: To find how the average line of latitude for the world’s largest cities has changed since 1950. Hypothesis: In the earlier years, the cities with the highest populations will be in HICs because these countries would have been the most developed, and these countries would have also been in the ‘rich north’. Introduction: As the world continues to develop, populations continue to increase as well. We will write a custom essay sample on The Worlds Population Is Increasing or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, the populations of each country do not grow at the same rate. Some populations are rapidly increasing, whereas some country’s populations are barely increasing. The point of this investigation was to collect data for the top 10 most populated cities in 1950, 2000 and 2012. After this was done, the data could then be plotted onto a map, and trend lines could be drawn which then allowed us to discover patterns. Method: 1. Collect data (preferably from the same source) of the top ten biggest cities in 1950, 2000 and 2012. 2. Plot all of this data onto a map. Make sure all of the data for each country is plotted in a different color. . Write the rank and the population under each city, and make sure you round the population to one decimal place. 4. Once all of the data has been plotted, using the same color for each year, plot a line of best fit between all of the points. Your line should be horizontal, and completely straight. 5. After you have plotted 3 lines, examine all patterns, and record them. Analysis: After analyzing the data, some patterns were discovered. In 1950, the top ten most populated cities were as an average, in the rich north. There were wo cities in North America, and 4 cities in Europe. Most of these cities were in High Income Countries. The most populated city with 12. 5 million people was New York City. In 2000, most of the cities were in the ‘poor south’. There were only 2 cities (both in the USA) that weren’t in the south. All of the other cities were in LICs and MICs. In 2012, New York (which is the 4th most populated city) is the only city in the North. All of the other cities are in India, and East Asia. However, Mexico City, Sao Paulo and New York city are the only exceptions. Most of these cities are in LIC and MICs. Conclusion: After completing our investigation, it can be concluded that in 1950, almost all of the cities were in the rich north and were in MICs and HICs. Buenos Aires, Calcutta, Shanghai and Tokyo were the only cities that were in the ‘poor south’. In this period, these countries were beginning to start developing. In 2000, the average line where most of the cities were was a little north of Cuba. Most of the cities could be found in East Asia and South America, most of them in MICs and LIC’s. In 2012 the average line then moved north again, bisecting South Carolina. 7 of the 10 cities were in the Eastern Hemisphere in the poor South. Only Mexico City, Sao Paulo and New York City were in the eastern hemisphere. Most of the cities with the highest populations are in MIC’s or LIC’s. This could be because many people work in these cities, for example in Tokyo, however a more realistic answer would have to do with the rate of development. These cities that these countries are in are rapidly developing, and more and more people are migrating into the city to work. Evaluation: We could have altered this investigation to make our data, and maps more organized and presentable. For example we should have had all of the populations on one point, with the year and the population next to it. This would have saved a lot of space on our map, and made it more organized. All of our data should have been collected from the same website. All of the data were only estimates. Therefore, we should have used the same people who made the estimates for 1950 and 2000, however it was very hard to find this. How to cite The Worlds Population Is Increasing, Papers

Simon Kimmes Essays - Biology, Health, Medicine, Food Science

Simon Kimmes How Knowledge Changes 899 Today, we understand that infectious diseases like flu, chickenpox and pneumonia are caused by microscopic organisms - bacteria and viruses. Without this knowledge, we might have never developed ways to treat and prevent such infections. However, this understanding - known as the germ theory' of disease - was a remarkably recent discovery. People have created theories to explain human disease for millennia: the Greek physician Hippocrates, born in 460 BCE, thought that bad air' from swampy areas was to blame. In the 19th century, improvements in microscope technology enabled a generation of microbiologists to investigate further the world of previously unseen disease-causing organisms. Many of these scientists carried out research that contributed towards the formation of the germ theory. However, scientific proof of the theory was the achievement of two European scientists: Louis Pasteur, a Frenchman, and Robert Koch, who was German. Pasteur was a chemist: his early research focused on the study of crystals. But when he took up the post of head of the Science Faculty in Lille in 1854, he was inundated with demands from the local wine industry for him to research the science of fermentation. For the first time, Pasteur discovered that the process was caused by a living organism, which he called ferment'. This work was a turning point in the young chemist's career - he now began to apply his rigorous experimental methods to biological questions. By discovering that fermentation was caused by living organisms, Pasteur had raised many issues: what organisms did ferment' consist of, and where did these organisms come from? Many other scientists at the time believed that such microorganisms appeared out of thin air - the so-called spontaneous generation' theory . The alternative opinion was that these microorganisms originated from other similar microscopic beings. Pasteur set out to conduct a series of experiments that would conclusively resolve the debate. Essential to these tests was an unusual glass flask with a long, thin, bent tube attached to the neck - Pasteur called it a swan-necked flask. Using these flasks, he boiled liquids (therefore killing all the microorganisms inside) and then left them to cool. The design of the flask allowed the boiled liquid to be in contact with the air, while preventing any dust or dirt from entering. Pasteur tested many different liquids in this way, including those which usually fermented very easily. He found that none of them fermented after being boiled. He concluded that the processes of fermentation and decay were caused by microorganisms present in the air, and that these microorganisms could be killed by heating. Pasteur applied this new understanding to the local industries in Lille: most famously, he developed an effortless way to prevent wine being contaminated by unwanted microorganisms. This involved heating the wine to 50-60C, a technique we now know as pasteurization , after him. It is still used in the production of many foodstuffs. However, the most dramatic consequences of Pasteur's discovery were in the biology of disease. Using the experimental techniques, he had begun to develop in his earlier work, Pasteur went on to discover several species of bacteria. He also developed ways of making bacteria and viruses less dangerous so that they could be used for vaccination - the technique for preventing disease discovered earlier by English doctor Edward Jenner. The huge task of matching specific microorganisms to the disease they cause now lay ahead. About ten years after Pasteur's famous fermentation experiments, in a small self-built laboratory in the countryside near Berlin, the German microbiologist Robert Koch was working to establish a new method for approaching this task. The first disease he chose to study was anthrax, as it was common among farm animals in the area where he lived. The anthrax bacterium had already been discovered, but nobody had proved that this bacterium caused the disease seen in animals. Koch collected anthrax bacteria from farm animals that had died of the disease and used them to infect healthy mice. He also carried out a control experiment, using the same method but substituting the anthrax bacilli with blood from healthy farm animals. The anthrax-infected mice developed the disease and died, but the control mice

A Man of Controversy, essays

A Man of Controversy, essays The support given by United States rulers is rather in the nature of the support a rope gives a hanged man. These were words once uttered from the mouth of the Soviet Unions most ambitious and successful ruler, Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev. Khrushchev was a man that took over power in the Soviet Union very soon after Stalins death; despite his overt criticism of the United States, he was the first ruler to actually believe that the West and the Soviet Union could get along peacefully. Despite being ousted from power by some of his most trusted followers, Khrushchev was perhaps the reason why the Russians and the Americans get along as well as they do today. His backward thinking started a new era for Communism; he led them to glory that was only deserving of the Soviet Union. Khrushchev was born into a very poor family located in Kalinovka, near the village of Kursk in southwestern Russia. His grandfather had worked as a serf and his father worked as a peasant and as a miner. Khrushchev received very little education in schools because his family needed him to work on the family farm. After only about eight years of education, Khrushchev dropped out of school to herd his familys cattle. He later became a pipe fitter in a coalmine in the Donets Basin, which is near present-day Ukraine. He soon joined the Bolshevik Communist Party in 1918, and he served in the Red Army as a junior political officer in Russian Civil War from 1918-1921. After the civil war, he returned to Ukraine and he began working as the assistant manager of a coalmine back in the Donets Basin. Khrushchev moved to Moscow in 1929 to go to school at the Stalin Industrial Academy, where he became the leader of the academys Communist Party organization. Khrushchev then began to work full time as a secretary of the Communist Party in Moscow. Under the tutelage of Lazar Kaganovich, who was the first secretary ...

Air Pressure and How It Affects the Weather

Air Pressure and How It Affects the Weather An important characteristic of the Earths atmosphere is its air  pressure, which determines wind and weather patterns across the globe. Gravity exerts a pull on the planets atmosphere just as it keeps us tethered to its surface. This gravitational force causes the atmosphere to push against everything it surrounds, the pressure rising and falling as Earth turns. What Is Air Pressure? By definition, atmospheric or air pressure is the force per unit of area exerted on the Earth’s surface by the weight of the air above the surface. The force exerted by an air mass is created by the molecules that make it up and their size, motion, and number present in the air. These factors are important because they determine the temperature and density of the air and thus its pressure. The number of air molecules above a surface determines air pressure. As the number of molecules increases, they exert more pressure on a surface and the total atmospheric pressure increases. By contrast, if the number of molecules decreases, so too does the air pressure. How Do You Measure It? Air pressure is measured with mercury or aneroid barometer. Mercury barometers measure the height of a mercury column in a vertical glass tube. As air pressure changes, the height of the mercury column does as well, much like a thermometer. Meteorologists measure air pressure in units called atmospheres (atm). One atmosphere is equal to 1,013 millibars (MB) at sea level, which translates into 760 millimeters of quicksilver when measured on a mercury barometer. An aneroid barometer uses a coil of tubing with most of the air removed. The coil then bends inward when pressure rises and bows out when pressure drops. Aneroid barometers use the same units of measurement and produce the same readings as mercury barometers, but they dont contain any of the element. Air pressure is not uniform across the planet, however. The normal range of the Earths air pressure is from 980 MB  to 1,050 MB. These differences are the result of low and high air pressure systems, which are caused by unequal heating across the Earths surface and the  pressure gradient force.   The highest barometric pressure on record was 1,083.8  MB  (adjusted to sea level), measured in Agata, Siberia, on Dec. 31, 1968. The lowest pressure ever measured was 870  MB, recorded as Typhoon Tip struck the western Pacific Ocean on Oct 12, 1979. Low-Pressure Systems A low-pressure system, also called a depression, is an area where the atmospheric pressure is lower than that of the area surrounding it. Lows are usually associated with high winds, warm air, and atmospheric lifting. Under these conditions, lows normally produce clouds, precipitation, and other turbulent weather, such as tropical storms and cyclones. Areas prone to low pressure do not have extreme diurnal (day vs. night) nor extreme seasonal temperatures because the clouds present over such areas reflect incoming solar radiation back into the atmosphere. As a result,  they cannot warm as much during the day (or in the summer) and at night they act as a blanket, trapping heat below. High-Pressure Systems A  high-pressure system, sometimes called an anticyclone, is an area where the atmospheric pressure is greater than that of the surrounding area. These systems move clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere due to the Coriolis Effect. High-pressure areas are normally caused by a phenomenon called subsidence, meaning that as the air in the high cools it becomes denser and moves toward the ground. Pressure increases here because more air fills the space left from the low. Subsidence also evaporates most of the atmospheres water vapor, so high-pressure systems are usually associated with clear skies and calm weather. Unlike areas of low pressure, the absence of clouds means that areas prone to high-pressure experience extremes in diurnal and seasonal temperatures since there are no clouds to block incoming solar radiation or trap outgoing longwave radiation at night. Atmospheric Regions Across the globe, there are several regions  where the air pressure is remarkably consistent. This can result in extremely predictable weather patterns in regions like the tropics or the poles. Equatorial low-pressure trough: This area is in the Earths equatorial region (0 to 10 degrees north and south) and is composed of warm, light, ascending, and converging air. Because the converging air is wet and full of excess energy, it expands and cools as it rises, creating the clouds and heavy rainfall that are prominent throughout the area. This low-pressure zone trough also forms the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone  (ITCZ) and trade winds.Subtropical high-pressure cells: Located between 20 degrees and 35 degrees north/south, this is a zone of hot, dry air that forms as the warm air descending from the tropics becomes hotter. Because hot air can hold more water vapor, it is relatively dry. The heavy rain along the equator also removes most of the excess moisture. The dominant winds in the subtropical high are called westerlies.Subpolar low-pressure cells: This area is at 60 degrees north/south latitude and features cool, wet weather. The Subpolar low is caused by the meeting o f cold air masses from higher latitudes and warmer air masses from lower latitudes. In the northern hemisphere, their meeting forms the polar front, which produces the low-pressure cyclonic storms responsible for precipitation in the Pacific Northwest and much of Europe. In the southern hemisphere, severe storms develop along these fronts and cause high winds and snowfall in Antarctica. Polar high-pressure cells: These are located at 90 degrees north/south and are extremely cold and dry. With these systems, winds move away from the poles in an anticyclone, which descends and diverges to form the polar easterlies. They are weak, however, because little energy is available in the poles to make the systems strong. The Antarctic high is stronger, though, because it is able to form over the cold landmass instead of the warmer sea. By studying these highs and lows, scientists are better able to understand the Earths circulation patterns and predict the weather for use in daily life, navigation, shipping, and other important activities, making air pressure an important component to meteorology and other atmospheric science. Sources: Encyclopaedia Brittanica editors. Barometer. Brittanica.com, 3 Feb. 2017.National Geographic staff. Atmospheric Pressure. NationalGeographic.com.National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration staff. Weather Systems and Patterns. NOAA.gov, 14 Feb. 2011.

French colonisation in popular culture of francophone countries Personal Statement

French colonisation in popular culture of francophone countries - Personal Statement Example With the French culture spreading beyond the national boundaries, one would argue that one of the major implications of the French colonization led to the spread of French language to Africans. Sonnenburg continues to emphasize that the French assumed the African syntax and made it obligatory for the Africans to speak French, a policy referred to as the assimilation process (221). Centuries later, the Francophone countries still use French as their official language. Africans adopted the Frenchman way of living. The mode of dressing changed for the Africans. Regardless of copious protests against the revolution of the Africans to Frenchmen, the French managed to change the Africans. With time, studies indicate that Africans were able to change their lifestyles to French to extent that to be elected in the legislative assembly, Africans had to lead a life similar to that of the Frenchman (220). In the case of Tunisia for example, nearly all the elite and government officials had been assimilated to being Frenchmen. Eradication of the French language and replace it with the indigenous Arabic language was completely tasking for the Tunisians. With French literacy elevated in Tunisia, this is yet another impact on the culture of Francophone colonies of Africa. In a study of colonization and France with its spheres of influence, France ought not to be linked to colonization. France has been associated with education and spread of the same to other generations (223). In one way or another, it would arguable that the French brainwashed their colonies into accepting their language and culture; thus, entire loss of the African identity. As opposed to coercion like other colonial masters, the French managed to influence he colonies into embracing the Frenchman way of living (222). Francophone countries became multicultural societies embodied with a blend of both African culture- in minute forms, and the French culture dominating the way

The reasons why UK (based in the borough of Ealing) residents travel Dissertation

The reasons why UK (based in the borough of Ealing) residents travel domestically versus internationally - Dissertation Example Whenever a person decides to leave his home to go on a journey somewhere for the sake of experiencing a change of scene, to explore a new environment, experience new cultures or on a religious pilgrimage, then that person is a tourist (Cooper, 2005, 4). From the foregoing, it is quite obvious that the idea of going on a tour is a conscious decision that goes together with planning before one embarks on the actual journey. It is interesting to find out what influences such a decision. Among the options open to any prospective tourist is whether to travel locally within one’s country or internationally. Knowledge of the factors that influence this decision is important to players in the tourism industry because they can influence these decisions during their tourism promotion (Cooper, 2005, 4). The importance of international tourism as an income generating activity for countries cannot be gainsaid. In 2008 international tourism worldwide garnered a colossal â‚ ¬ 642 billion raised by 922 million tourist arrivals. This was despite a drop of 2% in tourist travel worldwide in June 2008 due to the recession that hit the world at the time. This shows that this is quite an important sector that any particular country can only take for granted at its own peril (WTO, 2009, 14). Moreover, countries such as Egypt, Greece, Lebanon, Spain and Thailand depend to a great extent for their income on tourism. These countries have great long running histories with the pyramids and mummies in Egypt and the historical edifices and culture in Greece as examples. As for little island states like The Maldives, Bahamas, Fiji, Seychelles and Philippines, tourism is simply their lifeline (WTO, 2009, 15). In Borough of Ealing, in London Britain, just like in other places, tourism plays an important role in provision of Employment. If one takes the wider national setting, by 2010 the tourism industry in Britain had already employed 2.65 million persons in 200,000 different compan ies. 80% of these companies were Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) which were either directly owned by youths under 35 years or mostly employed the youth in that category (Tourism Alliance, 2011). Borough of Ealing is an administrative division to the west of the city of London. Though it has its own administrative system, it is still part of the larger London. Boroughs are administrative divisions within major cities so formed to make the administration of the wider city manageable and efficient (Heritage Dictionary, 2000, 142). Like other Boroughs, Ealing struggles to raise part of the revenue it uses for administrative, social welfare and development purposes. One of the sources of such revenue is of course local and incoming tourists. For the purposes of this paper, the focus is on tourism in Borough of Ealing in Britain in particular and the wider London and Britain in general. In Britain tourism is a very important sector with 14.1 million visitors arriving in 2009 alone and raising over â‚ ¬ 21 billion in revenue (WTO, 2009, 15). On average tourism generates â‚ ¬ 19 billion annually out of which â‚ ¬ 3.5 billion goes directly to the exchequer. In fact in 2009 Britain was the 7th most visited tourism destination. It was also the 3rd largest source of tourists in the world after Germany and the United States. Moreover, London was the second most visited city in the world coming second only to Paris, France (WTO,

Factors Which Shaped The Development Of Modern Criminology Criminology Essay

Factors Which Shaped The Development Of Modern Criminology Criminology Essay For years, the symbol of the future has been the coming of new decade; the arrival of new century. Whether the field is medicine, space exploration or criminal justice, that turn of the calendar has held unique fascination. Now as we approach the new decade, a new reality is forming from that fascination. Still distant enough to pique our curiosity but close enough that our expectations and analysis regarding crimes and punishment can be guided by reality, life in the next decade can be the focus of productive, justifiable and practical inquiry (Guha, 1999). Such inquiry can be useful to academics, law enforcers, public officials, planners, student and others for whom the future of crime and punishment is no abstraction but an important stage in their careers and their contributions. Past the year 2009, todays students will be tomorrows expert and have a dedication and experience to carry them into positions of leadership. Education today not only can describe crime and punishment as they are, but also help to prepare student by prompting them to consider what their future might be like (Barry,2003). Discussions: Modern Criminology is one of the fields of study and disciplines about criminals and criminal behavior. The development of the subject attempted to build theoretical foundations that explain why these crimes occurred and test those theoretical concepts by observing their behavior aspects. Criminological concepts help shape the response of society to crimes in terms of responding and preventing crimes after its occurrence. The concern of it was focused with the human moral relationship, values and moral status together with its non-human elements. It has become a new philosophical sub-discipline in the early 1970s; it was challenged by classical criminology. Foremost, it instigates the considered moral superiority of humanity to population of other people on the planet. Second, it examined the rational possibility of arguments for providing intrinsic value to the diversity of crimes and punishment elements (Guha, 1999) According to Attigod (2007) over the course of the past centuries, there were visible unrelenting levels of speculation in historical and contemporary literatures about crimes and punishments at the same time that worldwide issues and conflicts. Concurrent to these developments, there has been a new wave of interest directed toward the factors contributing to the development of modern criminology coming out from different aspects of living things through communications, specifically the twist in the valuation and judgment role in society or culture. A study conducted by Barry (2003), he presented that at the start of the new millennium, there were growing number of criteria that began to suggest crimes and punishment as a remedy to the state cauterized of society and culture. Yet, he questioned how can these criteria for works within the new cultural modalities of in the changing and reflexive dialogue and ambiguity? Interest was focused on the importance of providing a framework for understanding the development of crime and punishment. Included in those was the need for examining the education and skills that today students requires to be effective scholars and professionals over the course of their careers. That knowledge, firmly grounded in the present and the past, has guided their efforts to look into the future. Most of these authors do not consider themselves futurists, that is, specialists, speculating about the future. Instead, their effort here are the best appreciated as attempts to extent todays knowledge base modestly forward for a decade and a half and perhaps to influence those who are willing to make daring leaps (Barry, 2003). No matter how qualified experts may be, the rest remains that their musings about the criminology, may, at best, ignore significant issues or, at worst, be little more than fantasies. Careful selection of experts and the tension to detail to avoid such problems, but additional safeguard, also have been included. They began their efforts with general instructions in the intent and directions of the subject. The issues that were debated ranged from the extent to which the subject was best viewed as a direct extension of the present or as likely to mold by other influences to the crime and punishment, moral responsibilities for helping to shape the future (Attigod, 2007). Only some of many crimes that occur received intense attentions from the news media, law enforcement agencies, and the public. White collar crime gets least attention that its innermost costs warrant and arson is rarely the basis of news stories, official investigation and public fear. In recent years, two relatively uncommon forms of crimes serial homicide and the murder of children abducted by strangers, have dominated press reports on crime, television documentaries, police investigations, and popular attentions (Barry, 2003). During the 1980s, the issue of serial murder was established as major social problem, and the stereo typical serial killer become one of the best-known and the most widely feared social enemies. In each case, particular attention should be directed toward the identification of claims-makers, those individuals and groups who attempt to present an issue in a particular way. The study of such claims-makers is central to the constructionists approach to social problems in which the theoretical task is to study how members defines lodge and press claims; how they publicized their concerns, redefine the issue in question in the face of political obstacles, indifference or oppositions; how they enter in alliances which other claim makers (Agar, 2001). The development of the criminology shaped public perceptions of the serial murder problem, crimes, and the means claims and came to the establishment as authoritative. It will be suggested that such an exploration has important implications both for the framing of social problems, and for the study of mass media (James, 2003). The crime, punishment and justice were the philosophical focus of 19th and 20th century, the present criminological approach surfaced as an academic field and discipline in the 1970s. The rethinking and doubt about the human and crime relationship over the last three decades showed an already common perception in the early 1960s that the twentieth century presents with a population time bomb and a major crisis issue (Guha, 1999 Additionally, the historical derivatives of the crime and punishment are linked to overuse and abuse of human rights and nature by maintenance of the humans equality over all other forms of nature and life on earth and by perception of all was formed and created for the justice not only human beings but all form of life in the universe (Barry, 2003). The modern criminology is heavily influenced by ideology and politics, but those influences can be tempered by data. The collection and analysis of information about crime and criminals and about the criminal justice process will play an increasingly important rule in the future. Research, including evaluation studies, therefore becomes an essential component of providing services to the community (Agar, 2001). Such research serves as a foundation on which future policies and procedures can be evaluated and corrective measures taken to improve the delivery of services. In this way, research is more that heuristic. It is now an important ingredient in the process of completing the multiple tasks expected of criminology leaders (Attigod, 2007). The development of modern criminology faces different challenges and issues today, crimes, degradation of natural resources and destruction of human life are some of the issues regarding the subject. There is also destruction of some individual members of human groups and overpopulated species belong to indigenous group which is important for the preservation of our integrity. There are terrorists from different countries across the globe that continually practices heinous crimes to sustain their needs and goals that degrades the quality of human life. In natural settings, there are industries and mining company that utilized open pit mining in some environmental diverse area that causes global climate change. It is often discusses to be morally wrong for every human beings to deplete, destroy and harm any parts of the nature, human life and to large area of the earths natural resources (James, 2003). However, there are expert have asked crimes and justice should impact the places defined in which areas are to be restored, and have questioned over exactly which must be ecological features, terrorism, criminal features, etc. These issues are emerging in human societies, and then an issue also emerges over the laws of the nature and punishments that will show in them, and also of their combination into huge global, regional, political and economic field (Barry, 2003). The political, ethical, and legal confluences of arguments regarding the future of criminology is focused on the emergence of philosophical issues that concern with human rights, resources depletion and the argue over whether an human ethics would be anything new rather than a changes, extension or modification of current ethical philosophies were showed in wider political, environmental and social movements. Fields and areas such as feminism, deep ecology, and social theories are considered to have significant impact on the political development of positions regarding the environment. The importance of this factors impact to the peoples thinking about criminology and has been valued by many environmental scholars and philosophers (Attigod, 2007). Additionally, the focus on the value of justice and the importance of its conservation and preservation has viewed as another significant problem namely that lifestyles in which efforts for crimes and punishment can be valuable demand as a standard of lifestyle that is far across the perception of most of the worlds population. Current political conflicts and geographical differences provide significant challenges to the issue of crimes and justice, the world is now in general as it threatens to widen inequalities and affect human living systems. The justice and ethics is necessary as it involve the interference with the rights of humans and non-human living elements, particularly in relation to access to lifes critical to survival. It also contains questions concerned to whether human should leave considerations to other human to preserve for future generations. That is either of the main activities that are unethical and how their involvements in an activity to misinform the public about political changes in the past decades that have tarnished the environmental moral image (Abram, 1996).   In addition, there are report uses that unethical activities by many organizations were used as justification their strategic planning that will aid the industries. These issues must not only address its criminal and moral concern, but also obtain a global reputation of social corporate responsibility and secure justice viability in the future in spite of modern and new technologies that will underpin the change, social welfare, facilitates and economic development. In contrast, there must be appropriate attention to the development of appropriate law making bodies (Aris, 2008)   Linked between unequal human treatment, destruction of environmental, poverty and the economic situation of the world order have been argued by criminal scholars, political scientists, geographers, development theorists, and economists as well as by philosophers. Links between criminology and economics are well established particularly. I believe that the goal of modern criminology regarding the current political issues is to provide safe and complete set of environment for all living things around the world to improve quality of lives while decreasing impact of human rights depletion and supporting communities (Attigod, 2007). Due to the highly liquid nature of the securities and short maturities, international expansion and globalization of criminal concepts is perceived as a safe place to lock in justice. It serves as instruments characterised by high degree of safety of the principal. The successful implementation of these strategies by international organizations like UN provided more securities and opportunities; there are hundreds of required detailed decisions to accomplish the goal, such as police strategies, planning, judicial and police activities such as law making and amendments (Barry,2003) It is well known that the criminology system has a disproportionate effect on the poor and on minorities in the United States in that those in whom the coercive power of the state is vested are disproportionately white middle class. The integrity of this system of social control depends on its being fair and equitable. Where disparity exists, we must be certain that it is not the result of either deliberate or unintentional differences in the treatment of citizens. While the modern criminology cannot be expected to address inequities that may exist in the larger society, leaders should contribute to them. Leaders of the field must take responsibility for safeguarding the integrity of punishment system and for working toward the system whose employees are sensitive to the cultures of those caught up in it and served by it (Abram, 1996).   There are also effect directly address the national strategies of certain countries. For instance, very new law and public trust strategies adapt existing management have to controls the new technology and able to manipulate ideas to effectively undertake every present opportunities. Crimes and punishment agencies information has their own commercial organization with the automation of routine functions, specifically judicial and police functions. As technology and globalization become more influential and more effective, judicial and criminal justice strategy gain support in almost all countries and organizational processing. Organizations also emerging in the international treaty in this period, and have been constantly used to back up national strategies and communications (Aris, 2008). National communications have connected criminology and justice more closely to the host nation and law making bodies. The national efforts of different countries worldwide have their own continuity planning aligned with human rights. There is also a determination of national objectives, operations, logistics and development of these strategies, control and evaluation process in measuring the effectiveness of modern criminologys performance. The criminal aspects have been the direct responsibility of national government and peace keeping body, whereas top management is responsible for the implementation of strategic plans. The advantage of this idea includes the tendency to be detail line by line criminal punishment actions and legal considerations items with tactical approaches that concerned with the rationale used in national plan Moreover, the rate of crimes in different countries has dramatically increased which added some modern features to the development of criminology, international strategy have come to produce to gain influence over the nature and form of the modern organizations. Abreast with the increasing rate on technology and globalization is the increasing complexity and scale of national strategy. These figures added to motivate national strategy and technological strategic planning, as a means to produce the best feature for the country that realizes the best benefit from these laws and punishment accompanied by the concepts and theories in trade as well as the process to create large scale efforts to enter the international system (Barry, 2003). Much of what the modern criminology does can be seen as settling conflicts among citizens. Basic values justice and fairness are central to such system of social control. Anyone working in the punishment system has the obligation to explore such basic values to understand their importance in criminal justice and to understand their meaning and value to them as individuals. Those who work in the modern criminology system must be responsible for their part in that system. Lawyers must not tolerate in justice, the police must not accept brutality, and prison officials must be responsible for prison conditions. For that to be true, we cannot rely on citizens video cameras to exposed and correct the system. Everyone must appreciate the importance of values that make the modern criminology system credible (Aris, 2008). For the successful development of modern criminology and the rate of globalization increased into international scene for more opportunities. There are also hundreds of required detailed decisions to accomplish the goal. In these recent days, the world is experiencing through an epic proportions technological discontinuity, and most of the people us are not even totally prepared. The system paradigm of mass media and mass production is being interchanged by a one-to-one law system which is a new paradigm totally (Abram, 1996).   In developing new criminology strategy, it involves fact finding, analysis, generation of technical and management plan goals, and development of projects to realize these goals. The planning process makes use of tools of international law consulting agencies. From the point of view of sustainable international growth, the construction of national strategies against crimes has been notable international success. While on the criminology continues to mature, global and local law enforces and law making bodies are seeking for opportunities to advance the national interests in a highly competitive environment. This issue has been a subject of many studies and researches on crimes and punishment in these recent years. The idea of the future may seem like an abstraction, looking into it could seem little more than an intellectual exercise. But there are also more practical applications. In personal terms, we can talk about our individual features or, more specifically, our careers in the field of criminal justice. From that perspective, development of criminology involves identifying the types of knowledge and skills that will be needed in 15 or 20 years. That is, preparing for the future means acknowledging that the jobs available today maybe very different tomorrow and that you must prepare not only for your first job in the field that also for leadership positions in the future (Abram, 1996).   In addition, the political abilities of leaders in the criminology field are strengthened by analytical abilities. Never before have these skills been as necessary as they are today and will continue to be, and never before has the capacity to develop these skills been so close at hand. The technological revolution of the 1980s and early 1990s has put computers in nearly every work city. Criminology is a public enterprise. In its most basic form, it involves exercise of coercive powers on behalf of the people. Leaders of the criminology organizations will have to commit themselves to the principles of democracy that is, the openness and to debate over public policy. When police make arrests or when a state executes an offender, it is done on behalf of the citizenry. It is incumbent on those would lead the field to be certain that the citizenry is informed thoughtful in its understanding and expectations of criminal justice policy. This means educating the public about criminal justice in being tolerant of those who would hide the business of justice from their community (Agar, 2001). Along with the need for increased awareness and appreciation of analytical capabilities, there was also a need for those in modern criminology system to have a thorough understanding of the philosophical foundation of the criminal justice system. That includes an understanding of the philosophical positions regarding the roots of crime as well as typical positions regarding justice and fairness in the behavior of individuals and in the process of crimes and punishment (Abram, 1996).   Contemporary views of criminality now stress the integration of both classically oriented assumptions about freewill with more positivistic notions on the etiology of crime. This more modern view requires the acceptance of a new set of assumptions about the nature of crime, the role of the state in the definition of crime, and different implication for crime control. Now, more than ever in the past, research has forced the modern criminology to examine importance of both individual choice and deterministic influences on the cause of crime. Being aware of the importance of pour assumptions about crime allows as to construct policies that are not only more effective, but also more equitable (Aiklo, 2004). Additionally, there are studies focused on patterns of the strategic criminal investigations among its criminals and its importance for the effectiveness of its management plan utilized by the corporation. To have a stronger potential to impact the organizational structure, management, strategies and modern criminology effectiveness compared to its members (Abram, 1996).   Diversity among every people and local situation has become an increasingly more important issue to every organization, people, and organizational productivity. Effective patterns will most likely attract more effective justice; criminal system will also be increased (Aiklo, 2004). In order to minimize the negative effects, if present, the system must ensure that the criminal strategy applied provides the maximum strategic benefit to the citizenry and requires further evolution. These strategies must also be assigned with value in supporting organizational goals; the efficient management of this value can provide greater benefit to the organization (Agar, 2001). The standing/ situation of modern criminology strategies affected by the globalization are studied; the perceptions in the application of these factors affecting the development are also evaluated. After the examination of institutional setting in which these problem occurred, data are collected and found out that changes in the responsibilities inherent in a specific criminal plan of actions, changes in the management strategies and plans required for the proper promotion and as well as the changes in plan prerogatives and effective communication are strongly enhanced by the expansion to international market (Agar, 2001). The impact of their the new system of modern criminology are currently examined and therefore determined that there are significant changes had occurred in the number of factors in the characteristics of judicial planning, in the number and size of the population and in the nature of the crime committed (Aiklo, 2004). These factors discussed are usually implicit in the development of modern criminology, as many organizations and national institutions constructs already exists with the ongoing activities. These factors command and control loop that is present in most existing mechanisms in the world of criminology. These features are effective tools that may be used by any organizations to aid in more effective crime and punishment development in any social settings (Attigod, 2007). Conclusions: Development of Modern criminology is required to facilitate the necessary integration of these judicial and punishment activities so that law enforcer efforts for peace and order are effectively directed and controlled. In these current economic situations the nations and the worlds strategy may be involved planning at several levels of criminology structure. Factors affecting the strategic decision making process of a nation and law making bodies may be the proper developing and maintaining of strategic fit between the punishment and its opportunities. To facilitate growth, the effective integration of methods and philosophies must involve the selection of a tactics to implement punishment and to reach defined goals. Judicial planning differs from other legislative planning in several ways. The plan must involved efficient strategic punishment systems that focus on long term directions and goals. The criminal aspects must have been the direct responsibility of national government and peace keeping body, whereas top management is responsible for the implementation of strategic plans. The advantage of this idea includes the tendency to be detail line by line criminal punishment actions and legal considerations items with tactical approaches that concerned with the rationale used in national plan. One disadvantage of this idea is that the citizens need to adopt a perspective that integrates the proper orientation of laws with tactical benefits of having peace environment. These factors affecting the development of modern criminology s et central commitments for morally responsive concerns, peaceful environment and defined how it can contribute to sustainable growth of the society. The development of the modern criminology builds theoretical foundations that explain why these crimes occurred and test those theoretical concepts by observing their behavior aspects. Criminological concepts help shape the response of society to crimes in terms of responding and preventing crimes after its occurrence

Choosing Hardware Essay

T he computer system that is already installed will not meet the Theme Park’s requirements because it is inadequate. The RAM (system memory) is about 4000 megabytes too small and would only last for a very short period of time, thus making it a rather expensive mistake. The hard drive is only 10 gigabytes, making it 990 gigabytes short of what you would need. The optical drive is out of date – it is the equivalent of video in today’s world. The USB is out of date and with the new USB 3, which has been dubbed the super speed USB3, can transport files in seconds not minutes or hours. The CPU goes at a snail’s pace. There is no graphics editing programme – it only has Windows media centre, which can only let you print photos out and pretty soon, they will stop making updates for Windows XP. The printer only prints out 18ppm when I would recommend having â€Å"Brother HL-5370DW Mono† because the first page can come out in 8. 5 seconds, with a maximum of 30 ppm with a resolution of 1200 x 1200 which means you can print out visitors’ photos quicker than the old system and prevents annoyed customers having to wait for their souvenir photos, thus increasing business. I would suggest upgrading to â€Å"HP Touchsmart 600†. With a touchscreen, there is no need to have a mouse. It is 10 times quicker, for the particular requirements the Theme Park will need – which is an improvement over the old VDU. It has an Intel Core 2 Duo Processor which is an improvement on the old system. As far as the RAM is concerned, I recommend having 4GB which is a substantial improvement on the 64MB. The hard drive has a huge improvement to 1TB over the old system of only 10 GB. The optical drive would be brought up to the 21st century by having the new computer’s optical drive DVD rewriter which is a great improvement over the previous system. The DVD rewriter means you can record to it and play which is not possible on the CD-Rom. The graphics card can be improved to the GeForce G2000 which is yet another improvement over the old system. The improved graphics card helps you to have quicker and better graphical enhancements on your VDU. The software I would recommend loading onto the new system, which the old system didn’t have, is a graphical editing programme. The programme I would recommend is called CorelDraw X3, which has a professional artist working on the making of the programme, so you can have professionally done films with intuitive drawing features and an easy to follow instruction manual. The new system comes with Windows 7, which has features such as touchscreen capabilities and I mentioned how useful these could be above. They have features like Snap and Aero which are not found in XP. It is also more secure than XP with data encryption built into Windows 7. I would also recommend a Super Speed USB 3, which can transfer files in the blink of an eye, making it quicker to transfer to digital photo frames for a technologically advanced souvenir. I believe that the new system meets and exceeds the specification, with plenty of time saving devices meaning that business would increase and higher quality photos would be produced, and you can improve photos using CorelDraw Users may need training in the new recommended system because Windows 7 is new and not many people will have used it, but once the expense of training and buying the equipment has passed, it will be quicker and easier to use. Simple Report to David and rest of staff. The reasons why the new system has computer parts that they are quicker and with more memory, is that the old system has the equivalent memory of a goldfish. My recommended system has the memory of an elephant. The programmes recommended may be complicated but after training, make life much easier and more amazing compared to the XP Media centre edition. The improvements will be speed, usability and memory requirements. The speed is quicker because it has a processor (CPU) which is a newer one and unlike the one in the old processor, has one processor within the unit. The new one has double the processors in the unit. The usability of the old system needed a mouse and partially sighted people would find it difficult to see the mouse cursor, so the Touchscreen I have recommended would get rid of the need for a mouse, so it is much easier for everyone to use. The memory in the old system was poor. The memory in the new system is vastly increased, more than 10 times. Once trained in the new editing package I have recommended, â€Å"CorelDraw†, the Staff can produce great looking professional photos like the ones in magazines. . The resolution is the same for both printers, but the speed is massively improved which will help you with editing as you can print it off much quicker. The printer in the old system is slow to print, resulting in annoyed employees and customers. The printer I recommended for the new system is just over double the speed and prints at 33 ppm, and with the first page printing in 8. 4 seconds for a speedy delivery, this will provide a superior service with an increased profit margin. The old system is slow and not very user-friendly and the new system allows an increased productivity and an increased target audience, e. g. , help for dyslexics, partially-sighted people, and even blind people. The CorelDraw programme will allow you to edit photos 10 times easier than with your old system, with increased tools to add to the overall effect of the photos.

Experimental And Analytical Studies Have Increased...

Introduction 1: Over the past quarter century, the number of both experimental and analytical studies have increased dramatically on the monotonic axial behavior of FRP-confined concrete columns, and as a result, many uniaxial stress-strain models have been generally developed; however, most of these studies have focused largely on FRP-confined circular plain (unreinforced) concrete cylinders numerous authors tested (e.g., Mirmiran and Shahawy 1997;Mirmiran et al.1998; Xiao and Wu 2000; Lam and Teng 2002,2003;Berthet et al.2005;Almusallam 2007; Benzaid et al.2008;Eid and Paultre 2007,2008;Teng et al. 2009;Smith et al. 2010;Cui et al.2010). Relatively few of which have included small or medium scale noncircular unreinforced specimens†¦show more content†¦However, the number of studies on the axial stress-strain behavior of FRP-confined RC columns subjected to a cyclic axial compression loading has been going up slowly, particularly for noncircular RC columns. A better under standing of the latter and a sufficient summary of laboratory testing results can lead to the development of well-informed and calibrated cyclic uniaxial stress-strain model. In fact , Research is more limited on the cyclic axial stress-strain behavior of FRP-confined rectangular reinforced concrete columns of large scale, unlike several cited articles that previously explored the influence of the cyclic axial loading on the behavior of FRP- confined unreinforced concrete specimens including cylinders and noncircular specimens of small size many researchers tested (e.g., Shao et al. 2006; Lam et al. 2006; Lam and Teng 2009; Abbasnia and Ziaadiny 2010; Abbasnia et al.2012a,b; Abbasnia and Holakoo 2012; Ozbakkaloglu and Akin 2012;Abbasnia et al. 2013; Bai et al. 2013; Harajli et al. 2015). Internal Steel Reinforcement: It can clearly be noticed that the following issue is the most highlighted one in this study. In general extensive